CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF DESIGN VARIATION IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

ABSTRACT: Variability poses a significant challenge within the building business. differences in construction projects are a common occurrence, with the degree of these differences varying significantly across different projects. Consequently, the customer was compelled to exceed the initial projected budget in the majority of instances. Occasionally, conflicts and avoidable delays arise as a result of modifications. The primary objective of this study was to examine the factors contributing to design variation and their subsequent impacts on road construction projects in Akwa Ibom State. The primary aims of this study were to analyse the underlying factors contributing to design variation, to explore the potential impacts of design variation on road building projects, and to assess strategies for mitigating its occurrence. A comprehensive examination of the pertinent literature about the factors contributing to and consequences of design variation in road building projects was conducted, followed by a meticulous field survey aimed at validating the aims of this research endeavour. A total of 62 surveys were gathered from a sample of 68 questionnaires issued to professionals within the construction business, resulting in a response rate of 91%. The data obtained from professionals was evaluated using the basic random sampling technique after being acquired through a structured questionnaire. The findings indicated that the primary factor contributing to variation was the shift in clients' perspectives. The severe reasons were also observed to be attributed to aspects related to consultants and contractors. The findings additionally indicated that design diversity on construction projects frequently resulted in escalated project costs, extended completion timelines, and conflicts among stakeholders. The research emphasised the importance of establishing early communication and collaboration between the design team and the client in order to successfully clarify and convey the client's expectations into the design process, hence minimising variances. The study suggests that fostering a sense of teamwork among stakeholders engaged in the project and maintaining a respectful attitude towards the client's original design are crucial factors for achieving effective project delivery.